Audi 90 For Sale

Audi 80 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the Audi 80, including the Audi 90, Audi 4000, Audi 5+5, and original Audi Cabriolet. For specific information on the Audi 4000CS quattro, see Audi 4000CS quattro. Audi 80 and Audi 90 Audi Cabriolet (B4) Manufacturer Audi AG Production 1966–1996 Assembly Ingolstadt, Germany, Emden, Germany Tokyo, Japan (AMA) Predecessor Audi 72 Successor Audi A4 Class Compact executive car, mid-size car Layout longitudinal front-engine design; front-wheel drive or quattro permanent four-wheel drive Platform Volkswagen Group B platform Related Volkswagen Passat The Audi 80 is a compact executive car produced by the German car manufacturer Audi, from 1966 to 1996. It shared its platform with the Volkswagen Passat from 1973 to 1986 and was available as a saloon car/sedan, and an Avant (Audi's name for an estate car/station wagon). The coupé and convertible models were not badged as members of the range but shared the same platform and many parts. In North America and Australia, the 80 was sold as the Audi Fox for model years 1973–79, and as the Audi 4000 for model years 1980–87 in the USA. The Audi 90 was an upmarket version of the Audi 80. The original Audi Cabriolet was badged thus, without a number, but was closely related to the 80/90. There were several different internal combustion engine types, of which the petrol engines included the fuel-injected "E" (Einspritzung), and carburetor "S", and the diesel engines included "D" (Diesel), "TD" (TurboDiesel), or "TDI" (Turbocharged Direct Injection). Contents 1 F103 (1966–69) 2 B1 (1972–78) 3 B2 (1978–86) 3.1 Gallery 4 B3/Typ 89 (1986–91) 5 B4 (1991–1996) 5.1 Audi S2 5.2 Audi RS2 Avant 6 Typ codes 7 Bibliography 8 See also 9 References 10 External links [edit] F103 (1966–69) Main article: Audi F103 The Audi F103 series, based on the DKW F102 and sold between 1965 and 1972, comprised several models named for their horsepower ratings. From 1966 to 1969, this series included an Audi 80 model. [edit] B1 (1972–78) Audi 80 B1 Production 1972-1978 1,103,766 built[1] Predecessor Audi 72 Successor Audi 80 (B2) Body style(s) 2-door saloon/sedan 4-door saloon/sedan 5-door estate/wagon Layout front engine, front-wheel drive Platform Volkswagen B1 platform Engine(s) 1.3 L I4 1.5 L I4 1.6 L I4 (all petrol engines) Transmission(s) 4-speed manual, 3-speed automatic Wheelbase 2,470 mm (97.2 in) Length 4,175 mm (164.4 in) Width 1,600 mm (63.0 in) Height 1,362 mm (53.6 in) B1 Audi 80 (facelift) B1 Audi 80 Estate (facelift) This model debuted in Europe in 1972 (with factory production starting in May 1972[2]) as the Audi 80, and in 1973 in Australia and the United States as the Audi Fox, and was available as either a two-door or a four-door saloon (sedan). It effectively took the place of several models that Audi had discontinued (the F103 series, which included the first model designated as an "Audi 80"), and provided the company with a viable rival to the Opel Ascona and the Ford Taunus. The Audi 80 was first equipped with 1.3 and 1.5 litre SOHC straight-4 petrol engines. The internal combustion engines were available in various rated power outputs. For the 1.3 L engines, (identification code: ZA) was rated at 55 PS (40 kW; 54 bhp), code: ZF was rated at 60 PS (44 kW; 59 bhp). The 1.5 L (codes: ZB, ZC) at 75 PS (55 kW; 74 bhp) for the ZB and 85 PS (63 kW; 84 bhp) for the ZC. On the home market, two- and four- door saloons were available in base trim (55 or 60 PS, called simply Audi 80 and 80 S, respectively), as L models (LS with 75 PS engine) or as a more luxurious GL (85 PS only). In September 1973, Audi added the sporty 80 GT (two-door only) featuring a carburetted 1.6 litre engine (code: XX) rated at 100 PS (74 kW; 99 bhp). The Audi 80 had a MacPherson strut front suspension, and a C-section beam rear axle located by trailing arms and a Panhard rod, and using coil springs and telescopic dampers.1 Audi's design and development efforts paid off during the 1973 European Car of the Year competition where the 80 won ahead of the Renault 5 and the Alfa Romeo Alfetta. A facelift in autumn 1976 brought about a revised front end in the style of the newly introduced Audi 100 C2 with square instead of round headlights, 1.6 instead of 1.5 litre engines (still of 75/85 PS) and a new 80 GTE model with a fuel-injected version of the 1.6 litre (110 PS (81 kW; 110 bhp)) replacing the former 80 GT. The Fox had a 1.5 L engine rated at 55 hp (41 kW; 56 PS) attached to a four-speed manual transmission. Subsequent versions came with 1.6 L engines rated at 83 hp (62 kW; 84 PS)2 In certain markets a five-door "Avant" (Audi's name for an estate/wagon) variant was offered — effectively a rebadged Volkswagen Passat with Audi front panels. The B1 platform was dropped from the European market in 1978, although it was sold into the 1979 model year in North America. [edit] B2 (1978–86) Audi 80 B2 1978 Audi 80 L (European version with single headlamps) Production 1978 - 1986 1,680,146 built[3] 80: 1,405,506 90: 105,593 Coupé: 169,047 Predecessor Audi 80 (B1) Successor Audi 80 (B3) Body style(s) 2-door saloon/sedan 4-door saloon/sedan 2-door coupé (Audi Coupé) Layout front engine, front-wheel drive, or quattro permanent four-wheel drive Platform Volkswagen Group B2 platform Engine(s) petrol engines: 1.3 L I4; 1.6 L I4; 1.8 L I4; 1.9 L/2.0 L I5; 2.1 L/2.2 L I5; diesel engines: 1.6 L TD I4 Transmission(s) 3-speed automatic, 4-speed manual, 5-speed manual Wheelbase 2,541 mm (100.0 in)[4] Length 4,383 mm (172.6 in)[4] Width 1,682 mm (66.2 in)[4] Height 1,365 mm (53.7 in)[4] Related Audi Coupe GT, Audi Quattro, Audi 5+5, Volkswagen Fox Designer Giorgetto Giugiaro Audi redesigned the 80 on the B2 platform (Typ 81) in 1978 in Europe, and in 1979 (as a 1980 model) in North America. Audi continued to use the 80 nameplate in Europe, but began badging it as the 4000/4000S in North America. The body of the B2 Audi 80 was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro. Although it was usually ordered as a four-door, a smaller number of two-door 80s were produced. No Avant variant was available, as the Volkswagen Passat filled that role. In Europe, the 80 was the standard model, while after a 1984 facelift the Audi 90 was launched as a larger-engined version of the 80; with more options, and, aside from the 70 PS (51 kW; 69 bhp), four-cylinder 1.6l turbodiesel (TD) engine which was also available for the 80, two five-cylinder in-line petrol engines — a 2.0 with 115 PS (85 kW; 113 bhp) and a 2.2 with 136 PS (100 kW; 134 bhp) which was later modified into a 2.3. The 2.2 was available with a catalytic converter and power ratings of 115 PS (85 kW; 113 bhp) for front-drive and 120 PS (88 kW; 118 bhp) for quattro models. European models had two headlamp casings, while North American models generally had quad headlamps. The Audi 5+5 was launched on to the Australian market in October 1981.[5] Described as a "uniquely Australian Special". After the Australian motoring press had driven the new B2 Audi 80, they beckoned Audi to fit the 5 cylinder engine from the larger Audi 100. The 5+5 was essentially an 80 B2 four door saloon with the 2144cc five cylinder engine, the precursor to what would become the Audi 90[6] In 1983, the 80 Sport was introduced in the UK, based on the GTE. It came with quattro-style Ronal alloys, rubber rear spoiler, deep chin spoiler, striped charcoal Recaro interior, and optional body graphics including full-length "Audi Sport" stripes. A special commemorative-edition version, the Audi 4000CS quattro, was made for the 1985, 1986, and 1987 model years. Mid-1984, for the 1985 model year, Audi gave the B2 a subtle facelift with tail lights resembling the ones of the Typ 44 Audi 100, and different front and rear bumpers and headlights and an updated interior. In Europe, engines with catalytic converter emissions controls were made available for the first time. The B2 platform proved to be both quite versatile and quite profitable; many components were shared to or borrowed from the Audi Coupé GT, Audi Quattro and Audi Sport Quattro, which in the process helped to cement the company into the public eye after their quattro permanent four-wheel drive system proved useful in various forms of racing.[7] The saloons were offered until late 1986 in Europe and 1987 abroad, and the B2-based Audi Coupé lasted through to 1988 (as an early 1989 model) before being changed. The Coupé shared many components, and its basic body shape, with the original Audi Quattro. [edit] Gallery 1978 B2 Audi 80/4000 B2: Us-spec 2-door version, shown by the headlamp configuration and large bumpers B2-based Audi Coupé GT 1984 Facelift B2 Audi 90 [edit] B3/Typ 89 (1986–91) Audi 80 B3 Production 1986-1991 1,623,382 built[8][9] 80: 1,438,475 90: 184,907 Predecessor Audi 80 (B2) Successor Audi 80 (B4) Body style(s) 4-door saloon/sedan 3-door coupé (Audi Coupé) Layout front engine, front-wheel drive or quattro permanent four-wheel drive Platform Volkswagen Group B3 platform Engine(s) 80: 1.4 L I4 1.6 L I4 1.8 L I4 2.0 L I4 2.0 L I4 16v 1.6 L I4 Diesel 1.6 L I4 Turbodiesel 1.9 L I4 Diesel 90: 2.0 L I5 2.2 L I5 2.3 L I5 2.3 L I5 20v 1.6 L I4 Turbodiesel Transmission(s) 3-speed automatic, 5-speed manual Wheelbase 2,540 mm (100.0 in) Length 4,392 mm (172.9 in) Width 1,695 mm (66.7 in) Height 1,397 mm (55.0 in) 1987 Audi 80 1.6 Diesel Audi 90 quattro 20V In September 1986, Audi released a new Typ 89 Audi 80 for the 1987 model year on the European market and introduced it elsewhere within a year. It was based on a new platform which broke the relationship with the Volkswagen B-series platforms, not being the same as the Passat's B3 platform. Although often called the B3 even among knowledgeable Audi enthusiasts, the official and correct nomenclature was its production code Typ 89 from 1987 to 1989, and Typ 8A from 1990 onwards. It introduced a new aerodynamic look and a fully galvanised bodyshell. This was the first mid-sized car to feature a fully zinc-coated body, giving it longevity and durability against corrosion perforation.[citation needed] This protective shield proved to be so effective that Audi extended its corrosion perforation warranty from the originally offered ten years to twelve years (during early pre-production, the body was expected to be good for only eight years). Audi still uses zinc galvanisation for all current steel-bodied models. Unlike its predecessor, the B3 was marketed worldwide only as the Audi 80 or Audi 90. For the most part, Audi transferred existing powertrain concepts to the new model, although fuel injection was now available for some engines. A range of new petrol and diesel inline four cylinder engines became available to European customers along with the procon-ten safety system which became standard fitment from 1991. In 1987, the inline five cylinder Audi 90 was reintroduced as an upmarket, more luxurious variant of the 80. The 90 differs visually by the full width tail-light panel; headlights which featured additional high-beam lights and a slightly different front grille. The most obvious visual difference between the 80 and 90 are the indicators, which are moved from beside the headlights to the bumpers next to the fog lights, which were standard fitment on the 90. The 90 also offered the first 20 valve engine from Audi since the turbocharged engine used in the Audi Sport Quattro. This engine produced 170 PS (130 kW; 170 bhp). The United Kingdom and Europe had similar versions: the Volkswagen Group wanted to ensure consistency across all markets, so the trim levels were similar. However, in North America, the range was more limited: a choice of 2.3 E and 2.3 quattro were available from 1988 to 1992. Altogether, the Audi 80 came with the following engine range, although not all of these were available outside Germany: Model Displacement Power at rpm Torque at rpm Fuel supply Catalytic converter Notes Petrol engines Audi 80 1399 cc 65 PS (48 kW; 64 hp) @ 5,200 110 N·m (81 lb·ft) @ 3,000 Carburettor No Greece only Audi 80 1595 cc 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) @ 5,200 123 N·m (91 lb·ft) @ 2,700 Carburettor No Austria only Audi 80 1595 cc 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) @ 5,200 118 N·m (87 lb·ft) @ 2,700 Carburettor Yes Austria only Audi 80 1595 cc 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) @ 5,200 125 N·m (92 lb·ft) @ 2,700 Carburettor No Audi 80 1.6E 1595 cc 102 PS (75 kW; 101 hp) @ 6,300 135 N·m (100 lb·ft) @ 3,500 MPFI No Portugal, Italy and Greece Audi 80 1781 cc 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) @ 4,500 140 N·m (100 lb·ft) @ 2,500 Carburettor No Audi 80 1781 cc 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) @ 4,500 140 N·m (100 lb·ft) @ 2,500 Carburettor Yes Audi 80 1.8S 1781 cc 88 PS (65 kW; 87 hp) @ 5,200 142 N·m (105 lb·ft) @ 3,300 Carburettor Yes Audi 80 1.8S 1781 cc 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @ 5,200 150 N·m (110 lb·ft) @ 3,300 Carburettor No Audi 80 1.8S 1781 cc 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @ 5,400 140 N·m (100 lb·ft) @ 3,350 SPFI Yes Audi 80 1.8S 1781 cc 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @ 5,400 145 N·m (107 lb·ft) @ 3,350 SPFI Yes Audi 80 1.8S 1781 cc 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @ 5,500 142 N·m (105 lb·ft) @ 3,250 SPFI Yes Audi 80 1.8E 1781 cc 112 PS (82 kW; 110 hp) @ 5,800 160 N·m (120 lb·ft) @ 3,400 MPFI No Audi 80 1.9E 1847 cc 113 PS (83 kW; 111 hp) @ 5,600 160 N·m (120 lb·ft) @ 3,400 MPFI Yes Audi 80 2.0E 1984 cc 112 PS (82 kW; 110 hp) @ 5,300 168 N·m (124 lb·ft) @ 3,250 MPFI Yes Audi 80 2.0E 1984 cc 113 PS (83 kW; 111 hp) @ 5,300 170 N·m (130 lb·ft) @ 3,250 MPFI Yes Audi 80 16V 1984 cc 137 PS (101 kW; 135 hp) @ 5,800 181 N·m (133 lb·ft) @ 4,500 MPFI Yes Diesel engines Audi 80 Diesel 1588 cc 50 PS (37 kW; 49 hp) @ 4,800 97 N·m (72 lb·ft) @ 2,700–3,200 Diesel No Austria only Audi 80 Diesel 1588 cc 54 PS (40 kW; 53 hp) @ 4,800 100 N·m (74 lb·ft) @ 2,700–3,200 Diesel No Audi 80 Diesel 1896 cc 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) @ 4,400 127 N·m (94 lb·ft) @ 2,200–2,600 Diesel No Audi 80 Turbodiesel 1588 cc 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) @ 4,500 152 N·m (112 lb·ft) @ 2,300–2,800 Turbodiesel No Audi 80 Turbodiesel 1588 cc 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) @ 4,500 155 N·m (114 lb·ft) @ 2,300–2,800 Turbodiesel No The Audi 90 came with the following 5-cylinder engines: Model Displacement Power at rpm Torque at rpm Catalytic converter Engine Code 2.0E 1994cc 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) @ 5400rpm 172 N·m (127 lb·ft) @ 4000rpm Yes PS 2.0E 20V 1994cc 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) 190 N·m (140 lb·ft) Yes NM (for Italy only) 2.2E 2226cc 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) @ 5700rpm 186 N·m (137 lb·ft) @ 3500rpm No KV 2.3E 2310cc 134 PS (99 kW; 132 hp) @ 5700rpm 190 N·m (140 lb·ft) @ 4500rpm Yes NG 2.3E 20V 2310cc 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) @ 6000rpm 220 N·m (160 lb·ft) @ 4500rpm Yes 7A With the 1988 model year, a new two-door Coupé was introduced in Europe, known internally as the Typ 8B; basically a B3 saloon with a shortened wheelbase, modified rear suspension and a new front suspension system that previewed what was to come in the B4 Audi 80. It came with the 115 PS (85 kW; 113 bhp) 2.0E as well as the 10-valve and 20-valve 2.3E engines. It later served as a basis for the B4 Coupé and Cabriolet (Typ 8G). These models dropped the "80" appendage and were simply known as Audi Coupé and Audi Cabriolet. Because of the heavy re-engineering involved in the cabriolet version, this model was essentially carried on until the year 2000, long after the other B3 models had been replaced by B4 and even B5 vehicles. In 1989, for the 1990 model year, North America received the Coupé quattro and 90 quattro models that all were powered by a detuned 164 hp (122 kW; 166 PS) of the 20v 2.3 L 5-cylinder engine. These cars were considered to be in the "Grand Tourismo" (GT) style of a comfortable luxury car with sporting tendencies, as opposed to a dedicated lightweight sports car. Weighing between 3,042 lb (1,380 kg) (1990 saloon/sedan model) to 3,308 lb (1,500 kg) (1991 Coupé model), these cars were not lightweight, especially in consideration of the 164 hp powerplant (slightly de-tuned from the European version). These models can be recognised by their distinctive roadwheels (Coupé quattros had 15" 5-star "Speedline" wheels, sedan quattros had 14" BBS Mesh wheel or the 15" Speedlines). They differed from regular 80/90 models in several ways. Notable differences include their standard leather interiors with Zebrano wood trim, additional VDO gauges mounted in the bottom of the centre console, a carbon fibre centre drive shaft,[citation needed] and push-button locking rear differential. The Coupé Quattro is visually similar to the European-only S2 model, but does not have that S2's turbocharged engine. The final B3 80s and 90s were sold as 1992 models in North America; in Europe, all B3s were discontinued at the end of the 1991 model year to give way to the B4 series; a few Audi 90 Sport Quattro with the 2.3 L 20v engine are, however, known to have come off the assembly lines as late as early 1992.[citation needed] [edit] B4 (1991–1996) Audi 80 B4 Production 1991-1996 1,090,690 built[10] 4-door: 908,255 Avant: 182,435 Predecessor Audi 80 (B3) Successor Audi A4 (B5) Body style(s) 2-door coupé, 2-door convertible, 4-door saloon/sedan 4-door Avant (estate/wagon) Layout front engine, front-wheel drive or quattro permanent four-wheel drive Platform Volkswagen Group B4 platform Engine(s) petrol engines: 2.0 L I4, 2.3 L I5, 2.6 L & 2.8 L V6; diesel engine: 1.9 L I4 Transmission(s) 4-speed automatic, 5-speed manual Wheelbase saloon: 102.8 in (2611 mm), Coupe: 100.6 in (2555 mm), quattro: 102.2 in (2596 mm) Length saloon: 180.3 in (4580 mm), Coupe: 176.0 in (4470 mm) Width saloon: 66.7 in (1694 mm), Coupe: 67.6 in (1717 mm) Height 1992-94 saloon: 54.3 in (1379 mm), quattro: 54.7 in (1389 mm), 1995-96 saloon: 55.0 in (1397 mm), Coupe: 54.3 in (1379 mm) Related RS2 Avant Audi 80 B4 Avant (estate/wagon) 1993 Audi 90 S (North American) 1992 Audi 80 TDI (UK specification) 1994 Audi Cabriolet (European) Audi 90 Cabrio (North American example) The B3 obtained a major facelift for the 1992 model year in 1991. It was from then on known internally as the B4 (or Typ 8C). Changes from the B3 included a longer wheelbase, a fully redesigned fuel tank and rear axle to enable the use of folding seats, 15" roadwheels with more prominent wheel arches, redesigned and painted rear and front bumpers, as well as higher-quality materials for the interior. The front grille was merged with the bonnet and given a bolder look. The B4 also marked the beginning of Audi's move into the German luxury mid-sized vehicle segment, which until then was clearly dominated by Mercedes-Benz and BMW. On the European market, and in Germany in particular, the B4 and its variants were highly successful and popular. In Europe, the 90 name was discontinued, and all saloons were badged as 80, regardless of which engine they had. Audi of America went the opposite direction, and began selling the saloon as the 90. B4s for the American market typically offered more luxury even in the standard version, such as automatic transmission, cruise control, air conditioning and leather seats, all of which were usually optional at additional cost (or standard) on European models. Due to United States Department of Transportation (DOT) specifications regarding headlamp and crash safety designs, the front of the B4 had to be specially redesigned for vehicles sold in North America. Most importantly, the front bumper had to be designed to accommodate crash absorbers which were not required in Europe; as a result of these layout constraints, the North American variant of the B4, unlike European V6 models, had no dual H1/H4 headlamps, the indicator lamps (which unlike in Europe had to be orange) were placed next to the headlamps and not in the bumper, and the foglamps were made smaller and moved down to the corners of the bumper air duct. European market cars were now available with a selection of inline four cylinder engines, as well as the familiar in-line five, and two different new V6 engines (2.6 and 2.8); the latter 2.8 V6 was the only engine available for vehicles sold in North America. As another first, Audi introduced a new high-torque, direct-injection, turbocharged diesel engine, the 66 kilowatts (90 PS; 89 bhp) 1.9 TDI (Turbocharged Direct Injection). The standard 1.8 litre petrol engine of the B3 was discontinued; a two-litre, 66 kW (90 PS; 89 bhp), 4-cylinder petrol engine, a variation of the previously known 85 kW (116 PS; 114 bhp) 2.0 E engine, was now available for the base model. Altogether, although some layouts were not available everywhere outside Germany, Audi offered the following engine range for the 80/90 B4: Petrol engines: 1.6 - 74 kW (101 PS; 99 bhp), in-line four-cylinder 1.8 E 20v - 92 kW (125 PS; 123 bhp), in-line four-cylinder 2.0 - 66 kW (90 PS; 89 bhp), in-line four-cylinder (base model in Germany) 2.0 E - 85 kW (116 PS; 114 bhp), in-line four-cylinder 2.0 E 16v - 103 kW (140 PS; 138 bhp), 16-valve, in-line four-cylinder 2.3 E 10v - 98 kW (133 PS; 131 bhp), 10-valve, in-line five-cylinder 2.6 E - 110 kW (150 PS; 148 bhp), V6 2.8 E - 128 kW (174 PS; 172 bhp), V6 S2 - 169 kW (230 PS; 227 bhp), 2.2L, 20-valve turbocharged in-line five-cylinder RS2 Avant - 232 kW (315 PS; 311 bhp), 2.2L, 20-valve turbocharged in-line five-cylinder Diesel engines: 1.9 TD - 55 kW (75 PS; 74 bhp), in-line four-cylinder turbodiesel 1.9 TDI - 66 kW (90 PS; 89 bhp), in-line four-cylinder direct-injection turbodiesel (with intercooler) All petrol versions could be ordered with quattro permanent four-wheel drive; at the time, however, it could only be combined with a five-speed manual transmission. Additionally, Audi built about 2500 units of the Quattro Competition for the German and European market. It was a street homologation of the B4-based Super Tourenwagen Cup (STW) race car saloon with four-wheel drive and a modified 140 PS, 16-valve, two-litre petrol engine. The powertrain had its roots in the two-litre, four-cylinder inline engines that most European Audi 80s were equipped with at the time. On the outside, the Quattro Competition featured the same bumpers as the S2, V6 headlights, and a rear wing mounted on the bootlid. Together with the S2 and the RS2 Avant, the Quattro Competition has become an increasingly rare and highly sought-after collector's item. Together with the saloon, Audi produced a B4-based estate, the Audi 80 Avant, and a convertible, the Audi Cabriolet, which was largely based on the Coupé, meaning that Audi now had saloon, coupé, cabriolet, and estate variants of the 80 available to European customers. For the North American market, however, Audi only sold coupés during the 1990 and 1991 model years, and the station wagon was never officially available. The Cabriolet was Audi's first soft-top. Initially available with the 2.3 litre five-cylinder engine, a 2.0 litre four-cylinder, and then 2.6 litre V6 were offered later. Heavily engineered to retain the structural strength of the Coupé (with which it shared sports suspension), its screen was reinforced to preclude the need for a roll bar. As of the 1994 model year, a limited edition model, known as Europa, was introduced on the European market. It could be ordered both as a saloon and an Avant. It was factory-equipped with power mirrors, alloy wheels, rear seat headrests, an airbag steering wheel, and offered a choice between power sunroof or air conditioning. It came in five different special colours. For "regular" 1994 B4 saloons and Avants, standard features as well as options available were stepped up too, including an airbag steering wheel and redesigned door liners (standard), and passenger airbags and a built-in engine immobiliser (optional). It was effectively replaced by the new Audi A4 in 1996, a variant of the 1996 Volkswagen Passat. By that time it was feeling very dated in comparison with more modern rivals like the E36 BMW 3 Series. Production ceased at a time when prestige European manufacturers were making the transition of older executive saloons to newer models based on newer platforms in the compact executive car market. The B4 saloon was discontinued at the end of the 1994 model year (although a number of European vehicles are known to have been first registered as late as early 1995; in North America, sales continued into 1995 as well). Avant and Coupé followed suit in 1995/96. The Cabriolet, however, was carried on until 2000. As of the 1998 model year, it underwent a few minor yet visible touch-ups in its European version, such as gently redesigned bumpers and instrument clusters, projection lens headlights and more options available. In addition to this facelift, a special edition was introduced for the European market under the name Sunline. Among other specs, it was equipped with all leather interior, air conditioning, 16-inch alloy wheels, a power soft-top and a leather steering wheel. Both the Coupé and the Cabriolet were effectively replaced by the first-generation Audi TT coupé and roadster, sold between 1998 and 2006. The B4 platform saloon was replaced by the Audi A4 for the 1995 model year (1996 in North America), followed by a new A4 Avant later in 1996. A mid-sized convertible was not available again until 2002, when the A4 Cabriolet was introduced. Audi has released a new mid-sized coupé for the 2008 model year, which is now known as the Audi A5. [edit] Audi S2 Audi S2 Coupé Audi developed a sports version of the coupe in 1990, called the Audi S2. This featured the well proven 2.2 litre in-line five cylinder 20-valve turbo petrol engine from the Audi 200 20V, which was derived from that used in the Audi Quattro. A similar version of the engine was used in the Audi 100 based S4 (the 'Ur-S4'). The S2 came as standard with quattro permanent four wheel drive, and featured a heavy-duty 5-speed manual transmission. The S2 was initially available with a 2.2L turbocharged engine which produced 220 PS (162 kW; 217 bhp) (Engine code: 3B), coupled to a 5-speed transmission. In 1992, the engine received minor upgrades, including distributor-less ignition, which increased power output to 230 PS (169 kW; 227 bhp) (Engine code: ABY) which was coupled to a new 6-speed gearbox. Although the power increase was minimal, the engine now produced 350Nm of torque (up from 309Nm) and featured an overboost function that allowed up to 380Nm in short bursts. The 3B-engined car will accelerate from 0-100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 5.7seconds, continuing to a top speed of 246 km/h (152.9 mph). The ABY-engined coupe will accelerate from 0-100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 5.9seconds, continuing to a top speed of 246 km/h (152.9 mph). In 1993, the S2 received some cosmetic updates, including new AVUS style alloy wheels, elipsoid beam headlamps and clear front indicator lenses. This coincided with the introduction of the five-door S2 Avant, along with a limited run of four-door S2 saloon/sedan models, of which 306 were produced. The S2 saloon and Avant are actually based on the next generation B4 platform, and feature a lot of similarities in the rear axle support system to the later B5 A4 quattro. The B4 platform S2 Avant was also used between 1993 and 1995 as the basis for Audi's RS2 Avant super-sports estate, which was modified for Audi with assistance from Porsche. [edit] Audi RS2 Avant RS2 Logo Main article: Audi RS2 Avant The Audi RS2 Avant is fitted with a similar 2.2 litre turbocharged engine to the S2, but producing 232 kW (315 PS; 311 bhp). Reaching 100 kilometres per hour (62.1 mph) in just 4.8 seconds, it has a top speed of 262 km/h (162.8 mph). The Audi RS2 was generally only available as an Avant, although four 4-door saloon models were officially produced by the factory, including one for the chief of the RS2 development programme. The RS2 was at least partially assembled at Porsche's Rossle-Bau plant in Zuffenhausen. Prior to manufacturing the RS2, the Porsche Zuffenhausen assembly line was busy producing the high-performance W124 bodystyle Mercedes-Benz 500E. The RS2/Porsche link is further exemplified by the RS2's dual circuit Porsche braking system (wearing Brembo calipers with a Porsche name), 7.0Jx17" alloy wheels which were identical in design to the Porsche 911 Turbo wheels of that era, and side view mirrors are also borrowed from the Porsche 911 Turbo. Additionally, the word "PORSCHE" is inscribed in the RS2 factory emblems affixed to the tailgate and front grille, and on the engine's inlet manifold. Porsche modified the Avant S2 body optics, added more power, better brakes, bigger anti-roll bars to front and rear, fine tuned the interior - and a super-sports estate was born. Porsche's involvement in the project was on the strict understanding that a coupé model would not be produced, as this was felt to be too close to Porsche's own products. [edit] Typ codes Audi assigned its individual models "Typ" codes, in addition to the primary Volkswagen Group B platform codes: F103 - Audi 80 (1966–1969) Typ 80 - B1; Audi 80 (1973–1976) Typ 82/33 - B1; Audi 80 (1977–1978) Typ 81 - B2; Audi 80/90 (4000 in US) (1979–1987) Typ 85 - B2; Audi Coupé (1981–1987); Audi 4000 (Canada) (1981–1987) ; Audi Quattro (1981–1991); Audi 4000 quattro (1984–1987); Audi Sport Quattro (1984–1987) Typ 89/8A - B3; Audi 80/90 (1987–1992) Typ 89Q - B3; Audi 80/90 quattro (1987–1992) Typ 8B - B3; Audi Coupé (1989–1996); Audi S2 (1991–1996) Typ 8C - B4; Audi 80 (1992–1995); Audi RS2 Avant (1994–1996) Typ 8G - B4; Audi Cabriolet (1991–2000) [edit] Bibliography Paul Fernley, "Car of the Year: 1972", Classic and Sports Car (September 2005) p. 135 "Imports: Audi", Collector Car and Truck Market Guide, (VMR International, July 2001) p. 76 Werner Oswald, Deutsche Autos 1945-1975. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1975. ISBN 3-87943-391-7 [edit] See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Audi 80 Audi 4000CS quattro Audi RS2 Avant [edit] References ^ Werner Oswald: Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, vol. 4, ISBN 3-613-02131-5, p. 274 ^ ETKA official factory figures[clarification needed] ^ Werner Oswald: Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, vol. 4, ISBN 3-613-02131-5, p. 263. Figures given for calendar years, some overlap with predecessor/successor models; actual figures therefore slightly lower. ^ a b c d "Audi 80 description: Bigger and better". Autocar 149 (4271): 37–40. 16 September 1978.  ^ The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring, 1986, page 23 ^ Motor Manual, February 1982, pages 54-57 ^ Audi of America Press Site 25 Years of Audi Quattro 22 February 2005 ^ Werner Oswald: Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, vol. 4, ISBN 3-613-02131-5, p. 263 ^ Eberhard Kittler: Deutsche Autos seit 1990, vol. 5. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-613-02128-5, p. 24-26. Figures given for calendar years including predecessor/successor models; actual figures therefore somewhat lower. ^ Eberhard Kittler: Deutsche Autos seit 1990, vol. 5. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-613-02128-5, p. 24. Figures given for calendar years including predecessor/successor models; actual figures therefore somewhat lower. 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1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 supermini 50 A2 A1 small family car A3 / S3 compact executive car F103 series 80 (B1) 80 / 90 (B2) 80 / 90 (B3) 80 (B4) A4 (B5) A4 (B6) A4 (B7) A4 (B8) S2 S4 (B5) S4 (B6) S4 (B7) S4 (B8) mid-size executive car 100 / 200 A6 (C4) A6 (C5) A6 (C6) Ur-S4 (C4) Ur-S6 (C4) S6 (C5) S6 (C6) large luxury car V8 A8 (D2) A8 (D3) A8 (D4) S8 (D2) S8 (D3) small coupé TT Coupé (8N) TT Coupé (8J) small roadster TT Roadster (8N) TT Roadster (8J) mid-size coupé 100 Coupé S Coupé GT Coupé A5 Coupé quattro S5 mid-size convertible Cabriolet (B4) A4 Cabriolet A5 Cab S4 Cab (B6) S4 Cab (B7) S5 Cab large coupé A7 executive sports car Quattro (Ur-Quattro) RS2 Avant RS4 (B5) RS4 (B7) RS6 (C5) RS6 (C6) sports car R8 crossover SUV A4 allroad quattro (B8) allroad quattro (C5) A6 allroad quattro (C6) mid-size SUV Q5 large SUV Q7 homologation road / rally car Quattro A1 & A2 Sport Quattro Sport Quattro S1 founder: August Horch • Audi corporate website • A marque of the Volkswagen Group • quattro GmbH • Audi S and RS models • Audi Centre of Excellence • Audi Channel • Audi Driving Experience v • d • e Audi timeline, North American market, 1980–present — a marque of the Volkswagen Group type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 compact luxury car A3 4000 (B2) 80 / 90 (B3) 90 (B4) A4 (B5-B8) 4000 CS quattro S4 (B5-B8) mid-size luxury car 5000 (C2) 100 / 200 / 5000 (C3) 100 / A6 (C4) A6 (C4-C6) Ur-S4 Ur-S6 S6 (C5) S6 (C6) A7 full-size car V8 A8 / S8 coupé Coupé GT CQ (3) A5 / S5 small coupé TT Coupé (8N) TT Coupé (8J) small roadster TT Roadster (8N) TT Roadster (8J) convertible Cabriolet (B4) A4 Cabriolet / S4 Cabriolet A5 Cab / S5 Cab sports car Quattro (Ur-Quattro) RS6 RS4 R8 compact crossover SUV Q5 mid size crossover SUV allroad quattro A6 allroad quattro full size crossover SUV Q7 founder: August Horch • Audi corporate website • A marque of the Volkswagen Group • quattro GmbH • Audi S and RS models • Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. • Volkswagen Group of America corporate website • Electronics Research Laboratory • North American Volkswagen engines • Audi Driving Experience || Audi From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Audi AG Type Private company, subsidiary of Volkswagen Group (FWB Xetra: NSU) Industry Automotive industry Founded Zwickau, Germany (16 July 1909)[1] Founder(s) August Horch Headquarters Ingolstadt, Germany Number of locations Production locations: Germany: Ingolstadt & Neckarsulm Hungary: Győr Belgium: Brussels China: Changchun India: Aurangabad Brazil: Curitiba Area served Worldwide Key people Rupert Stadler Chairman of the Board of Management, Wolfgang Egger Head of Design Products Automobiles, Engines Revenue € 29.84 billion (2009) Profit € 1.347 billion (2009) Total equity 37.0%[citation needed] Employees 60,000 (2007) Subsidiaries Audi do Brasil e Cia (Curitiba, Brazil) Audi Hungaria Motor Kft. (Györ, Hungary) Audi Senna Ltda. (Brazil) Automobili Lamborghini Holding S.p.A (Sant'Agata Bolognese, Italy) Autogerma S.p.A. (Verona, Italy) quattro GmbH (Neckarsulm, Germany) Website audi.com Audi AG (Xetra: NSU) is a German manufacturer of a range of automobiles, from supermini to crossover SUVs in various body styles and price ranges that are marketed under the Audi brand, German pronunciation: [ˈaʊdi]. The company is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Germany, and has been a wholly owned (99.55%[2]) subsidiary of Volkswagen AG since 1966, following a phased purchase of its predecessor, Auto Union, from its former owner, Daimler-Benz. Volkswagen relaunched the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series. The company name is based on the surname of the founder August Horch, meaning listen — which, when translated into Latin, becomes Audi. Contents 1 History 1.1 Birth of the company and its name 1.2 Auto Union era 1.3 Post-World War II 1.4 New Auto Union 1.5 Modern era 1.6 Audi AG today 2 Technology 2.1 Bodyshells 2.2 Drive layout 2.3 Engines 2.4 Competitors 2.5 Space frame 2.6 Audi A2 2.7 Audi A4 2.8 Direct-Shift Gearbox 2.9 Fuel Stratified Injection 2.10 Electric technology 2.11 LED daytime running lights 2.12 Multi Media Interface 3 Model lineup 3.1 S Models 3.2 RS Models 3.3 Past models 4 Motorsports 4.1 Rallying 4.2 In the USA 4.3 Touring cars 4.4 Sports car racing 5 Marketing 5.1 Logos 5.2 Slogans 5.3 Sponsorships 5.4 Multitronic campaign 5.5 Typography 5.6 In video games 5.7 Audi TDI 5.8 Audi e-tron 6 References 7 External links [edit] History [edit] Birth of the company and its name Audi Type E On November 14, 1899, August Horch (1868–1951) established the company A. Horch & Cie. in the Ehrenfeld district of Cologne, but because of dispute between him and the supervisory board, he had to leave the company. A few years later, he established a second company, Horch Automobil-Werke GmbH. The company traces its origins back to 1909 and August Horch. The first Audi automobile, the Audi Type A 10/22 hp (16 kW) Sport-Phaeton, was produced in 1910 in Zwickau.[3] In 1909, Horch was forced out of the company he had founded.[4] He then started a new company in Zwickau and continued using the Horch brand. His former partners sued him for trademark infringement, and the German Supreme Court (Reichsgericht in Berlin)[5] finally determined that the Horch brand belonged to his former company.[4] August Horch was barred from using his own family name in his new car business, so he called a meeting with his best business friends, Paul and Franz Fikentscher from Zwickau. At the apartment of Franz Fikentscher, they discussed how to come up with a new name for the company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in a corner of the room. Several times he looked like he was on the verge of saying something but would just swallow his words and continue working, until he finally blurted out, "Father – audiatur et altera pars... wouldn't it be a good idea to call it audi instead of horch?"[6] "Horch!" in German means "Hark!" or "hear", which is "Audi" in Latin. The idea was enthusiastically accepted by everyone attending the meeting.[7] The first Audi car, the Type B, 10/28PS was delivered early in 1910.[8] Audi started with a 2612 cc inline-four engine model[clarification needed] followed by a 3564 cc model, as well as 4680 cc and 5720 cc models. These cars were successful even in sporting events. The first six cylinder model,[clarification needed] 4655 cc appeared in 1924. August Horch left the Audi company in 1920 for a high position at the ministry of transport, but he was still involved with Audi as a member of the board of trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the first German car manufacturer to present a production car, the Audi Type K, with left-handed drive.[9] Left-hand drive spread and established dominance during the 1920s because it provided a better view of oncoming traffic, making overtaking safer.[9] [edit] Auto Union era Main article: Auto Union Cover of the 1937 English motor sport magazine with an Auto Union racing car on a banked track In August 1928 Jørgen Rasmussen, the owner of Dampf-Kraft-Wagen (DKW), acquired the majority of shares in Audiwerke AG.[10] In the same year, Rasmussen bought the remains of the U.S. automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacturing equipment for eight cylinder engines. These engines were used in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models that were launched in 1929. At the same time, six-cylinder and four-cylinder (licensed from Peugeot) models were manufactured. Audi cars of that era were luxurious cars equipped with special bodywork. In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form Auto Union. It was during this period that the company offered the Audi Front that became the first European car to combine a six-cylinder engine with front-wheel drive. It used a powertrain shared with the Wanderer, but turned 180-degrees, so that the drive shaft faced the front. Before World War II, Auto Union used the four interlinked rings that make up the Audi badge today, representing these four brands. This badge was used, however, only on Auto Union racing cars in that period while the member companies used their own names and emblems. The technological development became more and more concentrated and some Audi models were propelled by Horch or Wanderer built engines. Reflecting the economic pressures of the time, Auto Union concentrated increasingly on smaller cars through the 1930s, so that by 1938 the company's DKW brand accounted for 17.9% of the German car market while Audi held only 0.1%. [edit] Post-World War II Like most German manufacturing, at the onset of World War II the Auto Union plants were retooled for military production, and were a target for allied bombing during the war, leaving them damaged. Overrun by the Soviet Army in 1945, on the orders of the Soviet Union military administration the factories were dismantled as part of war reparations.[11] Following this, the company's entire assets were expropriated without compensation.[11] On 17 August 1948, Auto Union AG of Chemnitz was deleted from the commercial register.[10] These actions had the effect of liquidating Germany's Auto Union AG. The remains of the Audi plant of Zwickau became the VEB (for "People Owned Enterprise") Automobilwerk Zwickau or AWZ (in English: Automobile Works Zwickau).[12] The former Audi factory in Zwickau restarted assembly of the pre-war-models in 1949. These DKW models were renamed to IFA F8 and IFA F9 and were similar to the West German versions. West and East German models were equipped with the traditional and renowned DKW two-stroke engines. [edit] New Auto Union A new West German headquartered Auto Union was launched in Ingolstadt, Bavaria with loans from the Bavarian state government and Marshall Plan aid.[13] The reformed company was launched 3 September 1949 and continued DKW's tradition of producing front-wheel drive vehicles with two-stroke engines.[11] This included production of a small but sturdy 125 cc motorcycle and a DKW delivery van, the DKW F 89 L at Ingolstadt. The Ingolstadt site was large, consisting of an extensive complex of formerly military buildings which was suitable for administration as well as vehicle warehousing and distribution, but at this stage there was at Ingolstadt no dedicated plant suitable for mass production of automobiles: for manufacturing the company's first post-war mass-market passenger car plant capacity in Düsseldorf was rented from Rheinmetall-Borsig. It was only ten years later, after the company had attracted an investor that funds became available for construction of major car plant at the Ingolstadt head office site. In 1958 Daimler-Benz took an 87% holding in the Auto Union company, and this was increased to a 100% holding in 1959. However, small two-stroke cars were not the focus of the company's interests, and while the early 1960s saw major investment in new Mercedes models and in a state of the art factory for Auto Union's, the company's aging model range at this time did not benefit from the economic boom of the early 1960s to the same extent as competitor manufacturers such as Volkswagen and Opel. The decision to dispose of the Auto Union business was based on its lack of profitability.[14] Ironically, by the time they sold the business it also included a large new factory and near production-ready modern four-stroke engine, which would enable the Auto Union business, under a new owner and with the benefit of a rediscovered name, Audi. In 1964 Volkswagen acquired a 50% holding in the business, which included the new factory in Ingolstadt and the trademark rights of the Auto Union. Eighteen months later, Volkswagen bought complete control of Ingolstadt, and by 1966 were using the spare capacity of the Ingolstadt plant to assemble an additional 60,000 Volkswagen Beetles per year.[15] Two-stroke engines became less popular during the 1960s as customers were more attracted to the smoother four-stroke engines. In September 1965, the DKW F102 was fitted with a four-stroke engine and a facelift for car's the front and rear. Volkswagen dumped the DKW brand because of its associations with two-stroke technology, and having classified the model internally as the F103, sold it simply as the "Audi." Later developments of the model were named for their horsepower ratings and sold as the Audi 60, 75, 80, and Super 90, selling until 1972. Audi 80 assembly line in Wolfsburg as of 1973 In 1969, Auto Union merged with NSU, based in Neckarsulm, near Stuttgart. In the 1950s, NSU had been the world's largest manufacturer of motorcycles, but had moved on to produce small cars like the NSU Prinz, the TT and TTS versions of which are still popular as vintage race cars. NSU then focused on new rotary engines based on the ideas of Felix Wankel. In 1967, the new NSU Ro 80 was a car well ahead of its time in technical details such as aerodynamics, light weight, and safety. However, teething problems with the rotary engines put an end to the independence of NSU. The Neckarsulm plant is now used to produce the larger Audi models A6 and A8. The Neckarsulm factory is also home of the quattro GmbH, a subsidiary responsible for development and production of Audi high-performance models: the R8 and the "RS" model range. The mid-sized car that NSU had been working on, the K70, was intended to slot between the rear-engined Prinz models and the futuristic NSU Ro 80. However, Volkswagen took the K70 for its own range, spelling the end of NSU as a separate brand. [edit] Modern era The new merged company was known as Audi NSU Auto Union AG, and saw the emergence of Audi as a separate brand for the first time since the pre-war era. Volkswagen introduced the Audi brand to the United States for the 1970 model year. The first new car of this regime was the Audi 100 of 1968. This was soon joined by the Audi 80/Fox (which formed the basis for the 1973 Volkswagen Passat) in 1972 and the Audi 50 (later rebadged as the Volkswagen Polo) in 1974. The Audi 50 was a seminal design because it was the first incarnation of the Golf/Polo concept, one that led to a hugely successful world car. Audi Quattro The Audi image at this time was a conservative one, and so, a proposal from chassis engineer Jörg Bensinger[16] was accepted to develop the four-wheel drive technology in Volkswagen's Iltis military vehicle for an Audi performance car and rally racing car. The performance car, introduced in 1980, was named the "Audi Quattro", a turbocharged coupé which was also the first German large-scale production vehicle to feature permanent all-wheel drive through a centre differential. Commonly referred to as the "Ur-Quattro" (the "Ur-" prefix is a German augmentative used, in this case, to mean "original" and is also applied to the first generation of Audi's S4 and S6 sport sedans, as in "UrS4" and "UrS6"), few of these vehicles were produced (all hand-built by a single team), but the model was a great success in rallying. Prominent wins proved the viability of all-wheel drive racecars, and the Audi name became associated with advances in automotive technology. In 1985, with the Auto Union and NSU brands effectively dead, the company's official name was now shortened to simply Audi AG. In 1986, as the Passat-based Audi 80 was beginning to develop a kind of "grandfather's car" image, the type 89 was introduced. This completely new development sold extremely well. However, its modern and dynamic exterior belied the low performance of its base engine, and its base package was quite spartan (even the passenger-side mirror was an option.) In 1987, Audi put forward a new and very elegant Audi 90, which had a much superior set of standard features. In the early 1990s, sales began to slump for the Audi 80 series, and some basic construction problems started to surface. Audi R8 In the early part of the 21st century, Audi set forth on a German racetrack to claim and maintain several World Records, such as Top Speed Endurance. This effort was in-line with the company's heritage from the 1930s racing era Silver Arrows. Sales fell after a series of recalls from 1982-1987 of Audi 5000 models[17] associated with reported incidents of sudden unintended acceleration linked to six deaths and 700 accidents.[17] At the time, NHTSA was investigating 50 car models from 20 manufacturers for sudden surges of power.[18] A 60 Minutes report aired 23 November 1986,[19] featuring interviews with six people who had sued Audi after reporting unintended acceleration, showing an Audi 5000 ostensibly suffering a problem when the brake pedal was pushed.[20][21] Subsequent investigation revealed that 60 Minutes had engineered the failure — fitting a canister of compressed air on the passenger-side floor, linked via a hose to a hole drilled into the transmission.[19] Audi contended, prior to findings by outside investigators,[18] that the problems were caused by driver error, specifically pedal misapplication.[18] Subsequently, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) concluded that the majority of unintended acceleration cases, including all the ones that prompted the 60 Minutes report, were caused by driver error such as confusion of pedals.[22] CBS did not acknowledge the test results of involved government agencies, but did acknowledge the similar results of another study.[20] With the series of recall campaigns, Audi made several modifications; the first adjusted the distance between the brake and accelerator pedal on automatic-transmission models.[17] Later repairs, of 250,000 cars dating back to 1978, added a device requiring the driver to press the brake pedal before shifting out of park.[17] A legacy of the Audi 5000 and other reported cased of sudden unintended acceleration are intricate gear stick patterns and brake interlock mechanisms to prevent inadvertent shifting into forward or reverse. Audi's U.S. sales, which had reached 74,061 in 1985, dropped to 12,283 in 1991 and remained level for three years.[17] — with resale values falling dramatically.[23] Audi subsequently offered increased warranty protection [23] and renamed the affected models — with the 5000 becoming the 100 and 200 in 1989[18] — and only reached the same sales levels again by model year 2000.[17] A 2010 BusinessWeek article — outlining possible parallels between Audi's experience and 2009–2010 Toyota vehicle recalls — noted a class-action lawsuit filed in 1987 by about 7,500 Audi Audi 5000-model owners remains unsettled and is currently being contested in county court in Chicago after appeals at the Illinois state and U.S. federal levels.[17] [edit] Audi AG today The largest shareholder of Audi AG is Volkswagen AG, which holds over 99 percent of the share capital. Volkswagen AG includes the consolidated accounts of Audi AG in its own consolidated financial statements. In recent years, the possibility of Audi being spun off or otherwise divested by Volkswagen has been mooted [24] From 2002 up to 2007, Audi headed the Audi Brand Group, the Volkswagen Group's automotive sub-division, consisted of Audi together with SEAT and Lamborghini, that was focused on more sporty values, with the marques' product vehicles and performance being under the higher responsibility of the Audi brand.[25][26][27] Audi's sales grew strongly in the 2000s, with deliveries to customers increasing from 653,000 in 2000 to 1,003,000 in 2008. The largest sales increases came from Eastern Europe (+19.3%), Africa (+17.2%) and the Middle East (+58.5%).[citation needed]. China in particular has become a key market, representing 108,000 out of 705,000 cars delivered in the first three quarters of 2009. One factor for its popularity is China is that Audis have become the car of choice for purchase by the Chinese government for officials, and purchases by the government are responsible for 20% of its sales in China.[28] [edit] Technology This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008) [edit] Bodyshells Audi produces 100% galvanised cars to prevent corrosion,[29] and was the first mass-market vehicle to do so, following introduction of the process by Porsche, c.1975. Along with other precautionary measures, the full-body zinc coating has proved to be very effective in preventing rust. The body's resulting durability even surpassed Audi's own expectations, causing the manufacturer to extend its original 10-year warranty against corrosion perforation to currently 12 years (except for aluminium bodies which don't rust).[30] An all-aluminium car was brought forward by Audi, and in 1994 the Audi A8 was launched, which introduced aluminium space frame technology (called Audi Space Frame). Audi introduced a new series of vehicles in the mid-nineties and continues to pursue leading-edge technology and high performance. Prior to that effort, Audi used examples of the Type 44 chassis fabricated out of aluminium as test-beds for the technique. [edit] Drive layout In all its post Volkswagen-era models, Audi has firmly refused to adopt the traditional rear-wheel drive layout favoured by its two arch rivals Mercedes-Benz and BMW, favouring either front-wheel drive or all wheel drive. To achieve this, Audi has usually engineered its cars with a longitudinally front mounted engine, in an "overhung" position, over the front wheels in front of the axle line. While this allows for the easy adoption of all wheel drive, it goes against the ideal 50:50 weight distribution (as do all front wheel drive cars). Audi has recently applied the quattro badge to models such as the A3 and TT which do not actually use the Torsen-based system as in prior years, with a mechanical centre differential, but with the Swedish Haldex Traction electro-mechanical clutch AWD system. [edit] Engines In the 1980s, Audi, along with Volvo, was the champion of the inline 5 cylinder, 2.1/2.2 L engine as a longer-lasting alternative to more traditional 6 cylinder engines. This engine was used not only in production cars but also in their race cars. The 2.1 L inline 5 cylinder engine was used as a base for the rally cars in the 1980s, providing well over 400 horsepower (298 kW) after modification. Before 1990, there were engines produced with a displacement between 2.0 L and 2.3 L. This range of engine capacity allowed for both fuel economy and power. [edit] Competitors Through the early 1990s, Audi began to move shift its target market upscale to compete against its German automakers Mercedes-Benz and BMW. This began with the release of the Audi V8 in 1990. It was essentially a new engine fitted to the Audi 100/200, but with noticeable bodywork differences. Most obvious was the new grille that was now incorporated in the bonnet. By 1991, Audi had the 4 cylinder Audi 80, the 5 cylinder Audi 90 and Audi 100, the turbocharged Audi 200 and the Audi V8. There was also a coupe version of the 80/90 with both 4 and 5 cylinder engines. Although the five cylinder engine was a successful and robust powerplant, it was still a little too different for the target market. With the introduction of an all-new Audi 100 in 1992, Audi introduced a 2.8L V6 engine. This engine was also fitted to a face-lifted Audi 80 (all 80 and 90 models were now badged 80 except for the USA), giving this model a choice of 4, 5, and 6-cylinder engines, in saloon/sedan, coupé and Cabriolet body styles. The 5-cylinder was soon dropped as a major engine choice; however, a turbocharged 230 hp (169 kW) version remained. The engine, initially fitted to the 200 quattro 20V of 1991, was a derivative of the engine fitted to the Sport Quattro. It was fitted to the Audi Coupé, and named the S2 and also to the Audi 100 body, and named the S4. These two models were the beginning of the mass-produced S series of performance cars. [edit] Space frame The Audi A8 replaced the V8 in 1994, with an aluminium space frame, known as the "Audi Space Frame" (ASF), to save weight. The weight reduction was offset by the quattro four-wheel drive system. It meant the car had similar performance to its rivals, but superior roadholding. The Audi A2 and Audi R8 also use Audi Space Frame designs. [edit] Audi A2 The Audi A2 was a futuristic super mini born from the Al2 concept. It featured many features that gave Audi the cutting edge technology that it had lacked for years, like the aluminium space frame which was a first in production car design. In the A2 Audi further expanded their TDI technology through the use of frugal three cylinder engines. The A2 was extremely aerodynamic and was designed around a wind tunnel. The Audi A2 was criticised for its high price and was never really a sales success but it planted Audi as a cutting edge manufacturer. The model, a Mercedes-Benz A-Class competitor, sold relatively well in Europe. However, the A2 was discontinued in 2005 and Audi decided not to develop an immediate replacement. [edit] Audi A4 The next major model change was in 1995 when the Audi A4 replaced the Audi 80. The new nomenclature scheme was applied to the Audi 100 to become the Audi A6 (with a minor facelift). This also meant the S4 became the S6 and a new S4 was introduced in the A4 body. The S2 was discontinued. The Audi Cabriolet continued on (based on the Audi 80 platform) until 1999, gaining the engine upgrades along the way. A new A3 hatchback model (sharing the Volkswagen Golf Mk4's platform) was introduced to the range in 1996, and the radical Audi TT coupé and roadster were debuted in 1998 based on the same underpinnings. The engines available throughout the range were now a 1.4L, 1.6L and 1.8L 4 cylinder, 1.8L 4-cylinder turbo, 2.6L and 2.8L V6, 2.2L turbo-charged 5 cylinder and the 4.2L V8 engine. The V6s were replaced by new 2.4L and 2.8L 30V V6s in 1998, with marked improvement in power, torque and smoothness. Further engines were added along the way, including a 3.7L V8 and 6.0L W12 engine for the A8. [edit] Direct-Shift Gearbox At the turn of the century, Volkswagen introduced the Direct-Shift Gearbox (DSG), a type of dual clutch transmission. It is an automated semi-automatic transmission, drivable like a conventional automatic transmission. Based on the gearbox found in the Group B S1, the system includes dual electrohydraulically controlled clutches instead of a torque converter. This is implemented in some VW Golfs, Audi A3 and TT models where DSG is called S-tronic. [edit] Fuel Stratified Injection New models of the A3, A4, A6 and A8 have been introduced, with the aging 1.8 litre engine now having been replaced by new Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) engines. Nearly every gasoline burning model in the range now incorporates this fuel-saving technology, including the following: FSI engine. Gasoline engines: 1.4 litre turbocharged 4 cylinder 125 bhp (93 kW; 127 PS) 1.6 litre 4 cylinder 115 bhp (86 kW; 117 PS) (Slowly being phased out in order to make way for TSI engines – see section below) 1.8 litre turbocharged 4 cylinder 120 bhp (89 kW; 122 PS) – 170 bhp (127 kW; 172 PS) 2.0 litre 4 cylinder 150 bhp (112 kW; 152 PS) (Slowly being phased out in order to make way for TSI engines – see section below) 2.0 litre turbocharged 4 cylinder 170 bhp (127 kW; 172 PS) – 272 bhp (203 kW; 276 PS) 2.5 litre turbocharged 5 cylinder 335 bhp (250 kW; 340 PS) 2.8 litre V6 190 bhp 3.0 litre supercharged v6 300 bhp (224 kW; 304 PS) - 333 bhp (248 kW; 338 PS) 3.2 litre V6 265 bhp (198 kW; 269 PS) 4.2 litre V8 350 bhp (261 kW; 355 PS) 4.2 litre V8 414 bhp (309 kW; 420 PS) 5.2 litre V10 435 bhp (324 kW; 441 PS) - 450 bhp (336 kW; 456 PS) 5.2 litre V10 525 bhp 5.0 litre biturbo V10 573 bhp (427 kW; 581 PS) 6.0 litre W12 331 kW (450 PS) Other engines on sale and featuring in products of the Audi brand include: 1.4 4 cylinder 75 bhp (56 kW; 76 PS) 1.4 litre TDI 3 cylinder 75 bhp (56 kW; 76 PS) – 90 bhp (67 kW; 91 PS) 1.6 litre 4 cylinder 100 bhp (75 kW; 101 PS) – 102 bhp (76 kW; 103 PS) 1.6 litre TDI 4 cylinder 90 bhp (67 kW; 91 PS) – 105 bhp (78 kW; 106 PS) 1.9 litre TDI 4 cylinder 90 bhp (67 kW; 91 PS) – 130 bhp (97 kW; 132 PS) 2.0 litre 4 cylinder 130 bhp (97 kW; 132 PS) 2.0 litre TDI 4 cylinder 120 bhp (89 kW; 122 PS) – 170 bhp (127 kW; 172 PS) 2.5 litre TDI V6 150 bhp (112 kW; 152 PS) – 180 bhp (134 kW; 182 PS) 2.7 litre TDI V6 180 bhp (134 kW; 182 PS) 3.0 litre TDI V6 233 bhp (174 kW; 236 PS) 4.2 litre TDI V8 326 bhp (243 kW; 331 PS) 6.0 litre TDI V12 500 bhp (373 kW; 507 PS) 1,000 N·m (740 ft·lbf)/1750 rpm (All TDI models are turbodiesels.) [edit] Electric technology Audi is planning an alliance with the Japanese electronic giant Sanyo to develop a pilot hybrid electric project for the Volkswagen Group. The alliance could result in Sanyo batteries and other electronic components being used in future models of the Volkswagen Group.[31] Hybrid electric vehicles includes: Audi A1 Sportback Concept[32] Audi A4 TDI Concept E[33] This section requires expansion. Fully electric vehicles: Audi e-tron Concept Supercar[34] [edit] LED daytime running lights The DRL in a Audi A4 B8 Beginning in 2006, Audi has implemented white LED technology as daytime running lights in their products. The distinctive shape of the DRLs has become a trademark of sorts. LEDs were first introduced on the Audi S6, and have since spread throughout the entire model range. [edit] Multi Media Interface Audi has recently started offering a computerised control system for its cars, called Multi Media Interface (MMI). This came amid criticism of BMW's iDrive control. It is essentially a rotating control knob and 'segment' buttons - designed to control all in-car entertainment devices (radio, CD changer, iPod, TV tuner), satellite navigation, heating and ventilation, and other car controls with a screen. MMI was widely reported to be a considerable improvement on BMW's iDrive, although BMW has since made their iDrive more user-friendly. MMI has been generally well-received, as it requires less menu-surfing with its segment buttons around a central knob, along with 'main function' direct access buttons - with shortcuts to the radio or phone functions. The screen, either colour or monochrome, is mounted on the upright dashboard, and on the A4 (new), A5, A6, A8, and Q7, the controls are mounted horizontally. An "MMI-like" system is also available on the A3, TT, A4 (B7), and R8 models - when equipped with the Audi Navigation System Plus (RNS-E) satellite navigation system. [edit] Model lineup Audi A1 Audi A3 Audi A4 Audi A5 Audi A6 Audi A6 allroad quattro Audi A7 Audi A8 Audi TT Audi R8 road car Audi Q5 Audi Q7 Supermini 3-door Hatchback 5-door Hatchback Convertible Sedan Wagon Sportback Coupe Convertible Sedan Wagon Wagon Sportback concept Sedan Compact sports coupe Compact sports convertible Sports coupe Sports convertible Compact crossover SUV Crossover SUV [edit] S Models Audi TTS Audi S4 Audi S5 Audi S6 Audi S7 Audi S8 Compact sports coupe Compact sports convertible Sedan Wagon Coupe Convertible Sedan Wagon Sportback Sedan [edit] RS Models Audi TT RS Audi RS4 Audi RS5 Audi RS6 Audi RS7 Compact sports coupe Compact sports convertible Sedan Wagon Convertible Coupe Convertible Sedan Wagon [edit] Past models Audi 100 (1968–1994) Audi 4000CS quattro (1984–1987) Audi 50 (1974–1978) Audi 80 (1966–1996) Audi 920 (1938–1940) Audi A2 (1999–2005) Audi Coupé GT (1980–1987) Audi Coupé quattro (1985–1988) Audi F103 (1965–1972) Audi Front (1933–1938) Audi Quattro (1980–1991) Audi RS2 Avant (1994–1995) Audi RS4 (2000–2001, 2006–2008) Audi Ur-S4 / Ur-S6 (1992–1994, 1995–1997) Audi V8 (1988–1993) [edit] Motorsports This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008) Audi has competed in numerous forms of motorsports. Audi's rich tradition in motorsport began with their former company Auto Union in the 1930s. In the 1990s, Audi dominated the Touring and Super Touring categories of motor racing after success in circuit racing in North America. [edit] Rallying Walter Röhrl with his Quattro A2 during the 1984 Rally Portugal. In 1980, Audi released the Quattro, a four-wheel drive (4WD) turbocharged car that went on to win rallies and races worldwide. It is considered one of the most significant rally cars of all time, because it was one of the first to take advantage of the then-recently changed rules which allowed the use of four-wheel drive in competition racing. Many critics doubted the viability of four-wheel drive racers, thinking them to be too heavy and complex, yet the Quattro was to become a successful car. Leading its first rally it went off the road, however the rally world had been served notice 4WD was the future. The Quattro went on to achieve much success in the World Rally Championship. It won the 1983 (Hannu Mikkola) and the 1984 (Stig Blomqvist) drivers' titles,[35] and brought Audi the manufacturers' title in 1982 and 1984.[36] Audi Quattro S1 driven at the 2007 Rallye Deutschland In 1984, Audi launched the short-wheelbase Sport Quattro which dominated rally races in Monte Carlo and Sweden, with Audi taking all podium places, but succumbed to problems further into WRC contention. In 1985, after another season mired in mediocre finishes, Walter Röhrl finished the season in his Sport Quattro S1, and helped place Audi second in the manufacturers' points. Audi also received rally honours in the Hong Kong to Beijing rally in that same year. Michèle Mouton, the only female driver to win a round of the World Rally Championship and a driver for Audi, took the Sport Quattro S1, now simply called the "S1", and raced in the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb. The climb race pits a driver and car to drive up a 4,302 metre high mountain in Colorado and in 1985, Michèle Mouton set a new record of 11:25.39, and being the first woman to set a Pikes Peak record. In 1986, Audi formally left international rally racing following an accident in Portugal involving driver Joaquim Santos in his Ford RS200. Santos swerved to avoid hitting spectators in the road, and left the track into the crowd of spectators on the side, killing three and injuring 30. Bobby Unser used an Audi in that same year to claim a new record for the Pikes Peak Hill Climb at 11:09.22. In 1987, Walter Röhrl claimed the title for Audi setting a new Pikes Peak International Hill Climb record of 10:47.85 in his Audi S1, which he had retired from the WRC two years earlier. The Audi S1 employed Audi's time-tested inline five cylinder turbocharged engine, with the final version generating 441 kW (600 PS; 591 bhp).[37] The engine was mated to a six-speed gearbox and ran on Audi's famous four-wheel drive system. All of Audi's top drivers drove this car; Hannu Mikkola, Stig Blomqvist, Walter Röhrl and Michèle Mouton. This Audi S1 started the range of Audi 'S' cars, which now represents an increased level of sports-performance equipment within the mainstream Audi model range. [edit] In the USA As Audi moved away from rallying and into circuit racing, they chose to move first into America with the Trans-Am in 1988. In 1989, Audi moved to International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) GTO with the Audi 90, however as they avoided the two major endurance events (Daytona and Sebring) despite winning on a regular basis, they would lose out on the title. [edit] Touring cars In 1990, having completed their objective to market cars in North America, Audi returned to Europe, turning first to the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM) series with the Audi V8, and then in 1993, being unwilling to build cars for the new formula, they turned their attention to the fast growing Super Touring series, which are a series of national championships. Audi first entered in the French Supertourisme and Italian Superturismo. In the following year, Audi would switch to the German Super Tourenwagen Cup (known as STW), and then to British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) the year after that. The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), having difficulty regulating the quattro four wheel drive system, and the impact it had on the competitors, would eventually ban all four wheel drive cars from competing in 1998[citation needed], but by then, Audi switched all their works efforts to sports car racing. By 2000, Audi would still compete in the US with their RS4 for the SCCA Speed World GT Challenge, through dealer/team Champion Racing competing against Corvettes, Vipers, and smaller BMWs (where it is one of the few series to permit 4WD cars). In 2003, Champion Racing entered an RS6. Once again, the quattro four wheel drive was superior, and Champion Audi won the championship. They returned in 2004 to defend their title, but a newcomer, Cadillac with the new Omega Chassis CTS-V, gave them a run for their money. After four victories in a row, the Audis were sanctioned with several negative changes that deeply affected the car's performance. Namely, added ballast weights, and Champion Audi deciding to go with different tyres, and reducing the boost pressure of the turbocharger. In 2004, after years of competing with the TT-R in the revitalised DTM series, with privateer team Abt Racing/Christian Abt taking the 2002 title with Laurent Aïello, Audi returned as a full factory effort to touring car racing by entering two factory supported Joest Racing A4 DTM cars. [edit] Sports car racing Audi R10 TDI Starting in 1999, Audi built the Audi R8R (open-cockpit 'roadster' prototype) and the Audi R8C (closed-cockpit 'coupé' GT-prototype) to compete in sports car racing, including the Le Mans Prototype LMP900 class at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. For the 2000 season, Audi focussed mainly on the new Audi R8, due to favourable rules for open-cockpit prototypes. The factory-supported Joest Racing team won at Le Mans three times in a row with the Audi R8 (2000 — 2002), as well as winning every race in the American Le Mans Series in its first year. Audi also sold the car to customer teams such as Champion Racing. In 2003, two Bentley Speed 8s, with engines designed by Audi, and driven by Joest drivers loaned to the fellow Volkswagen Group company, competed in the GTP class, and finished the race in the top two positions, while the Champion Racing R8 finished third overall, and first in the LMP900 class. Audi returned to the winner's podium at the 2004 race, with the top three finishers all driving R8s: Audi Sport Japan Team Goh finished first, Audi Sport UK Veloqx second, and Champion Racing third. At the 2005 24 Hours of Le Mans, Champion Racing entered two R8s, along with an R8 from the Audi PlayStation Team Oreca. The R8s (which were built to old LMP900 regulations) received a narrower air inlet restrictor, reducing power, and an additional 50 kg (110 lb) of weight compared to the newer LMP1 chassis. On average, the R8s were about 2–3 seconds off pace compared to the Pescarolo–Judd. But with a team of excellent drivers and experience, both Champion R8s were able to take first and third, while the ORECA team took fourth. The Champion team was also the first American team to win Le Mans since the Gulf Ford GT's in 1967. This also ends the long era of the R8; however, its replacement for 2006, called the Audi R10 TDI, was unveiled on 13 December 2005. The R10 TDI employs many new features, its most obvious was the twin-turbocharged direct injection diesel engine. Its first race was the 2006 12 Hours of Sebring as a race-test for the 2006 24 Hours of Le Mans, which it later went on to win. Audi has been on the forefront of sports car racing, claiming a historic win in the first ever diesel sports car at 12 Hours of Sebring. As well as winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2006 making history, the R10 TDI has also shown its capabilities by beating the Peugeot 908 HDi FAP in 2007, and beating Peugeot again in 2008, and, in a podium clean-sweep by proving its reliability throughout the race (compared to all four 908 entries retired before the end of the race) while breaking a new distance record (set way back by the Porsche 917K of Martini Racing in 1971), in 2010 with the R15 TDI Plus.[38] [edit] Marketing The old logo used by Audi until 2009 [edit] Logos The Audi emblem is four overlapping rings that represent the four marques of Auto Union. The Audi emblem symbolises the amalgamation of Audi with DKW, Horch and Wanderer: the first ring from the left represents Audi, the second represents DKW, third is Horch, and the fourth and last ring Wanderer.[39][40] Its similarity to the Olympic rings caused the International Olympic Committee to sue Audi in Rochester, Minnesota small claims Court in 1995.[41] As part of Audi's centennial celebration in 2009, the company updated the logo, changing the font to left-aligned Audi Type, and altering the shading for the overlapping rings.[42] [edit] Slogans Audi's corporate tagline is Vorsprung durch Technik, meaning "Progress through Technology".[43] The German-language tagline is used in many European countries, including the United Kingdom, and in other markets, such as Latin America, Oceania and parts of Asia including Japan. A few years ago, the North American tagline was "Innovation through technology", but in Canada the German tagline Vorsprung durch Technik was used in advertising. More recently, however, Audi has updated the tagline to "Truth in Engineering" in the U.S.[44] [edit] Sponsorships Audi Centre Sydney, Zetland, New South Wales, Australia. Audi is a strong partner of different kinds of sports. In association football, long partnerships exist between Audi and various clubs like Manchester United, FC Bayern Munich, Real Madrid CF, FC Barcelona, AC Milan and Ajax Amsterdam. Audi also sponsors winter sports: The Audi FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is named after the company. Additionally, Audi supports the German Ski Association (DSV) as well as the alpine skiing national teams of Switserland, Sweden, Finland, France, Liechtenstein, Italy, Austria and the US. For almost two decades Audi fosters golf sport: for example with the Audi quattro Cup and the HypoVereinsbank Ladies German Open presented by Audi. In sailing, Audi is engaged in the Medcup regatta and supports the team Luna Rossa during the Louis Vuitton Pacific Series and also is the primary sponsor of the Melges 20 sailboat. Further, Audi sponsors the regional teams ERC Ingolstadt (hockey) and FC Ingolstadt 04 (soccer).[45] In 2009, the year of Audis 100th anniversary, the company organises the Audi Cup for the first time. In a two-day-tournament, the teams of FC Bayern Munich, AC Milan, Manchester United F.C. and CA Boca Juniors will compete against each other.[46] Audi also sponsor the New York Yankees as well. [edit] Multitronic campaign In 2001, Audi promoted the new multitronic continuously variable transmission with television commercials throughout Europe, featuring an impersonator of musician and actor Elvis Presley.[47][48] A prototypical dashboard figure - later named "Wackel-Elvis" ("Wobble Elvis" or "Wobbly Elvis") - appeared in the commercials to demonstrate the smooth ride in an Audi equipped with the multitronic transmission. The dashboard figure was originally intended for use in the commercials only, but after they aired the demand for Wackel-Elvis fans grew among fans and the figure was mass produced in China and marketed by Audi in their factory outlet store.[49] [edit] Typography Audi Sans (based on Univers Extended) was originally created in 1997 by Ole Schäfer for MetaDesign. MetaDesign was later commissioned for a new corporate typeface called Audi Type, designed by Paul van der Laan and Pieter van Rosmalen of Bold Monday. The font began to appear in Audi's 2009 products and marketing materials.[50] [edit] In video games In PlayStation Home, the PlayStation 3's online community-based service, Audi has supported Home by releasing a dedicated Home space in the European version of Home. Audi is the first carmaker to develop a space for Home. On 17 December 2009, Audi released the Audi Space as two spaces; the Audi Home Terminal and the Audi Vertical Run.[51] The Audi Home Terminal features an Audi TV channel delivering video content, an Internet Browser feature, and a view of a city. The Audi Vertical Run is where users can access the mini-game Vertical Run, a futuristic mini-game featuring Audi's e-tron concept. Players collect energy and race for the highest possible speeds and the fastest players earn a place in the Audi apartments located in a large tower in the centre of the Audi Space. In both the Home Terminal and Vertical Run spaces, there are teleports where users can teleport back and forth between the two spaces. Audi has stated that additional content will be added in 2010.[52] "Most young people gain their first driving experience from video games", explains Kai Mensing, who is responsible for video games and virtual worlds in Online Marketing at Audi. "With the Audi Space, we can bring this target group into contact with our brand in a highly emotion-packed and interactive environment, and demonstrate our 'Vorsprung durch Technik' with the virtual e-tron race." Kai Mensing's most recent statement on the Audi Space was that "As a brand, Audi sees great value and potential in the experiences and level of interaction the world of gaming affords. PlayStation Home gives Audi the perfect environment to connect with gamers in an unexpected way and we made sure to push the platform to its limits with the new Audi Space." [edit] Audi TDI As part of Audi's attempt to promote its Diesel technology in 2009, the company began Audi Mileage Marathon. The driving tour featured a fleet of 23 Audi TDI vehicles from 4 models (Audi Q7 3.0 TDI, Audi Q5 3.0 TDI, Audi A4 3.0 TDI, Audi A3 Sportback 2.0 TDI with S tronic transmission) travelling across the American continent from New York to Los Angeles, passing major cities like Chicago, Dallas and Las Vegas during the 13 daily stages, as well as natural wonders including the Rocky Mountains, Death Valley and the Grand Canyon.[53] [edit] Audi e-tron The next phase of technology Audi is developing is the e-tron electric drive powertrain system. They have shown several concept cars as of March 2010[update], each with different levels of size and performance. The original e-tron concept shown at the 2009 Frankfurt motor show is based on the platform of the R8 and has been scheduled for limited production. Power is provided by electric motors at all four wheels. The second concept was shown at the 2010 Detroit Motor Show. Power is provided by two electric motors at the rear axle. This concept is also considered to be the direction for a future mid-engined gas powered 2 seat performance coupe. The Audi A1 e-tron concept, based on the Audi A1 production model, is a hybrid vehicle with a range extending Wankel rotary engine to provide power after the initial charge of the battery is depleted. It is the only concept of the three to have range extending capability. The car is powered through the front wheels, always using electric power. [edit] References ^ "1909 - Audi Automobilwerke is established in Zwickau". Audi Of America. http://www.audiusa.com/audi/us/en2/Company/history/History/chronicle_1899_1914.html. Retrieved 5 April 2009.  ^ "List of Shareholdings in accordance with sections 285 and 313 of the HGB of Volkswagen AG and the Volkswagen Group as of December 31, 2009". www.volkswagenag.com. 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Retrieved 15 January 2010.  ^ Volkswagen's branding plan takes shape ^ Volkswagen Group - Business lines and markets ^ Volkswagen Group - Brands and business fields ^ http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2010/10/20/audis-millionth-car-sale-shows-china-still-tops/ ^ Audi website http://www.audiusa.com/audi/us/en2/tools/glossary/chassis_body/corrosion_protection.html ^ Audi of America - http://www.audiusa.com. "Audi of America > Glossary > Chassis & Body > Galvanised body". Audiusa.com. http://www.audiusa.com/audi/us/en2/tools/glossary/chassis_body/galvanised_body.html. Retrieved 27 April 2009.  ^ http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=101846&topicId=103840033&docId=l:788745336 ^ "Audi A1 Sportback concept". Next Concept Cars. 2 October 2008. http://www.nextconceptcars.com/concept-cars/audi-a1-sportback-concept/. Retrieved 27 April 2009.  ^ Korzeniewski, Jeremy (2 October 2008). "Audi unveils A4 TDI concept e". 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"Audi Logo". http://www.carlogo.info/audi-audi-logo_blog-bid-29.htm. Retrieved 10 September 2007.  ^ "History of the Four Rings-Part 1-Audi Auto Union". Seriouswheels.com. http://www.seriouswheels.com/art-four-rings-1.htm. Retrieved 27 April 2009.  ^ Alina Dumitrache. "Audi Reveals Updated Logo". autoevolution.com. http://www.autoevolution.com/news/audi-reveals-updated-logo-10315.html. Retrieved 27 August 2009.  ^ "Audi Unveils Updated Logo Following Centennial Celebration". Wot.motortrend.com. http://wot.motortrend.com/6546262/marketing/audi-unveils-updated-logo-following-centennial-celebration/index.html. Retrieved 2010-08-02.  ^ "Eco-Culture". Audi magazine (3/08): 19.  ^ Lavrinc, Damon. Audi planning TT and R8 lightweight "Sport" models. Autoblog. Retrieved April 24, 2010. ^ "Audi Worldwide > Experience > Sponsoring > Sport". Audi.com. 11 June 2009. http://www.audi.com/com/brand/en/experience/sponsoring/sportsponsoring.html. Retrieved 7 July 2009.  ^ "FC Bayern". Fcbayern.t-home.de. 4 March 2009. http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2009/18772.php. Retrieved 7 July 2009.  ^ “”. "Audi Wackel-Elvis commercial (2001, British version)". Youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQo95oI4nXY. Retrieved 2010-08-02.  ^ “”. "Audi Wackel-Elvis commercial (2001, German version)". Youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1czNu9pTzM. Retrieved 2010-08-02.  ^ "Fans Waiting in Line for Release of Wackel-Elvis, 06 November 2001, ''Die Welt'' (German)" (in (German)). Welt.de. 2001-06-11. http://www.welt.de/print-welt/article456186/Wackel_Elvis_von_Audi_Fans_stehen_Schlange.html. Retrieved 2010-08-02.  ^ "Bold Monday: Audi Type". boldmonday.com. http://www.boldmonday.com/en/audi. Retrieved 2010-10-06.  ^ Fernandez, Joe (10 December 2009). "Audi to launch PlayStation download game". Marketing Week. http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/audi-to-launch-playstation-download-game/3007770.article. Retrieved 10 December 2009.  ^ "Audi creates virtual Audi Space within PlayStation Home". CNET Reviews. http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13746_7-10358137-48.html.  ^ Abuelsamid, Sam (2008-09-08). "Audi to kick off diesel push with cross country Mileage Marathon". Green.autoblog.com. http://green.autoblog.com/2008/09/08/audi-to-kick-off-diesel-push-with-cross-country-mileage-marathon/. Retrieved 2010-08-02.  [edit] External links Companies portal Global corporate portal v • d • e Volkswagen Group — companies, subsidiaries, people, technologies current Volkswagen Group main companies and subsidiaries passenger cars Volkswagen Passenger Cars • AUDI AG • (quattro GmbH) • SEAT, S.A. • Škoda Auto • Lamborghini S.p.A. • Bentley Motors Ltd • Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. large vehicles Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles • Scania AB (publ) international Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. • Electronics Research Laboratory • Volkswagen do Brasil • Volkswagen Group China • Volkswagen Group in India • Volkswagen Group Ireland major interests Porsche AG • MAN SE • IAV GmbH • Suzuki Motor Corporation • Italdesign Giugiaro S.p.A. defunct Volkswagen Group marques Auto Union • DKW • Horch • NSU • Wanderer Volkswagen, & VW Group executives (former and current) Maj. Ivan Hirst (REME) (former Managing Director) → Heinrich Nordhoff (former Managing Director) → Dr Kurt Lotz (former CEO) → Dr Rudolf Leiding (former CEO) → Toni Schmücker (former CEO) → Dr Carl Hahn (Chairman Emeritus) → Ferdinand Piëch (Chairman of the Supervisory Board) → Dr Bernd Pischetsrieder (former CEO) → Prof Dr Martin Winterkorn (current Chairman of the Board of Management) see also list of Volkswagen Group factories • list of Volkswagen Group platforms lists of VW Group engines North American Volkswagen engines petrol current petrol engines • discontinued petrol engines diesel current diesel engines • discontinued diesel engines VW Group technologies TDI • SDI • Pumpe Düse • Digifant • FSI • BlueMotion • DSG • ETKA • VAG-COM founder: Deutsche Arbeitsfront • Autostadt • Ehra-Lessien Annual revenue  €113.8 billion (2008) · Employees 369,928 (2008) · Stock symbol FWB: VOW3 · Website VolkswagenAG.com v • d • e Audi — a marque of the Volkswagen Group Volkswagen Group marques & companies Volkswagen Passenger Cars • Audi • quattro GmbH • SEAT • Škoda • Lamborghini • Bentley • Bugatti • Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles • Scania defunct Audi AG brands Auto Union • Horch • DKW • Wanderer • NSU see also list of Volkswagen Group factories • list of Volkswagen Group platforms • MLP • list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines • list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines • discontinued petrol engines • discontinued diesel engines • North American engines • quattro • multitronic • S tronic • procon-ten • MMI • Audi hybrid vehicles • Audi S and RS models current Audi passenger car range A1 • A3 • S3 • A4 • S4 • A4 allroad quattro • A5 • S5 • A6 • S6 • RS6 • A6 allroad quattro • A7 • A8 • S8 • TT • Q5 • Q7 • R8 historic and discontinued models Audi Front • Audi 920 • Audi F103 • Audi 50 • Audi 80/90/4000/5+5 • Audi Quattro (Ur-Quattro) • Audi Coupé GT • Audi Coupé quattro • Audi 4000CS quattro • Audi 100/200/5000 • Audi S2 • Audi RS2 Avant • Audi Ur-S4 & Ur-S6 • Audi V8 • Audi A2 • Audi Cabriolet • Audi RS4 motor racing cars rally cars: Quattro A1 & A2 • Sport Quattro • Sport Quattro S1 • LMP road race cars: R8R • R8C • R8 • R10 TDI • R15 TDI • R18 • LMS/GT road race cars: R8 LMS (R16) • Formula cars (engine suppliers): FPA • F2 concept cars Avus quattro • Rosemeyer • Steppenwolf • Avantissimo • Pikes Peak quattro • Nuvolari quattro • Le Mans quattro • RSQ • Shooting Brake • Roadjet • A3 TDI clubsport quattro • Sportback concept • R8 TDi Le Mans • e-tron (Frankfurt) • e-tron (Detroit) • e-tron Spyder • quattro concept founder: August Horch • Audi corporate website • A marque of the Volkswagen Group • Vorsprung durch Technik • Audi Channel • Audi Driving Experience v • d • e Audi timeline, European market, 1970s–present — a marque of the Volkswagen Group type / class 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 supermini 50 A2 A1 small family car A3 / S3 compact executive car F103 series 80 (B1) 80 / 90 (B2) 80 / 90 (B3) 80 (B4) A4 (B5) A4 (B6) A4 (B7) A4 (B8) S2 S4 (B5) S4 (B6) S4 (B7) S4 (B8) mid-size executive car 100 / 200 A6 (C4) A6 (C5) A6 (C6) Ur-S4 (C4) Ur-S6 (C4) S6 (C5) S6 (C6) large luxury car V8 A8 (D2) A8 (D3) A8 (D4) S8 (D2) S8 (D3) small coupé TT Coupé (8N) TT Coupé (8J) small roadster TT Roadster (8N) TT Roadster (8J) mid-size coupé 100 Coupé S Coupé GT Coupé A5 Coupé quattro S5 mid-size convertible Cabriolet (B4) A4 Cabriolet A5 Cab S4 Cab (B6) S4 Cab (B7) S5 Cab large coupé A7 executive sports car Quattro (Ur-Quattro) RS2 Avant RS4 (B5) RS4 (B7) RS6 (C5) RS6 (C6) sports car R8 crossover SUV A4 allroad quattro (B8) allroad quattro (C5) A6 allroad quattro (C6) mid-size SUV Q5 large SUV Q7 homologation road / rally car Quattro A1 & A2 Sport Quattro Sport Quattro S1 founder: August Horch • Audi corporate website • A marque of the Volkswagen Group • quattro GmbH • Audi S and RS models • Audi Centre of Excellence • Audi Channel • Audi Driving Experience v • d • e Audi timeline, North American market, 1980–present — a marque of the Volkswagen Group type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 compact luxury car A3 4000 (B2) 80 / 90 (B3) 90 (B4) A4 (B5-B8) 4000 CS quattro S4 (B5-B8) mid-size luxury car 5000 (C2) 100 / 200 / 5000 (C3) 100 / A6 (C4) A6 (C4-C6) Ur-S4 Ur-S6 S6 (C5) S6 (C6) A7 full-size car V8 A8 / S8 coupé Coupé GT CQ (3) A5 / S5 small coupé TT Coupé (8N) TT Coupé (8J) small roadster TT Roadster (8N) TT Roadster (8J) convertible Cabriolet (B4) A4 Cabriolet / S4 Cabriolet A5 Cab / S5 Cab sports car Quattro (Ur-Quattro) RS6 RS4 R8 compact crossover SUV Q5 mid size crossover SUV allroad quattro A6 allroad quattro full size crossover SUV Q7 founder: August Horch • Audi corporate website • A marque of the Volkswagen Group • quattro GmbH • Audi S and RS models • Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. • Volkswagen Group of America corporate website • Electronics Research Laboratory • North American Volkswagen engines • Audi Driving Experience || HOME CLASSIFIEDS Audi 90 Classifieds Search Submit Advert Manage my Ads Help/FAQ Dealer Info Tools Email Notifications My Bookmarks Resources Fraud Warnings HPI Check Car Saving Plan Car Finance Car Insurance Car Servicing Car Warranty Number Plate Search Feeds List Gallery Map Filter Show: Sort: PostCode: 90 quattro 20V �(1990) :: SOLD VIA PISTONHEADS :: Premium Advert �500 Over 15 days Standard Adverts Audi 90 20V quattro �(1990) 160,000 miles, REDUCED.No need to get stuck in the snow when there's a cheap way to legendary quattro four wheel drive ownership with this very nice example of a rare and sought after ... PX:�No thanks Full�Details devon �1,450 Over 15 days AUDI 90 2.3E �(1991) :: SOLD VIA PISTONHEADS :: �295 Over 15 days Term & Conditions Hosted by Carrenza Copyright � PistonHeads.com � 1998-2010 || Currencies 0 items in cart Shopping Cart -» MAIN -» PERFORMANCE LAMPS -» Audi -» Audi 90 -» au-210 My Account BODY PANELS & LAMPSBODY KITS & SPOILERSPERFORMANCE LAMPS Alfa Romeo Audi Audi 100 Audi 80 Audi 90 Audi A3 Audi A4 (01>) Audi A4 (05>) Audi A4 (95>) Audi A6 Audi A8 Audi TT BMW Citroen Fiat Ford Honda Jaguar Lada Land Rover Lotus Mazda MCC Mercedes Mini Mitsubishi Nissan Peugeot Porsche Proton Renault Rover Saab Seat Skoda Subaru Suzuki Toyota Vauxhall Volvo Volkswagen UniversalSPORTS EXHAUSTSSPORTS MIRRORSSUSPENSIONAIR FILTERSCOOLINGDUMP VALVESEXTERIOR ACCESSORIESIN CAR ENTERTAINMENTWINDOW REGULATORSAUTO SALVAGECAR SALESCONTRACT HIREARTICLES & GUIDESROAD TAX PRICES BMW E36 Rear Bumper - Compact Rage�159.99 Audi 80 Bonnet Slam Panel�23.49�19.96 Write a review on this product! Privacy NoticeConditions of UseContact UsSite Map Audi 90 Rear Lights Pair - Black (86-91)[au-210] �164.49 AUDI 80, 90 B3 Saloon (10.86-08.91) Tail Lights - Black-design ( LHD Only. Separate foglamp required ) Click to enlarge Advanced Search 01.Audi 90 Rear Lights Pair - Black (86-91)02.Audi 90 Side Repearter Pair - Clear (87-91)03.Audi 90 Side Repearter Pair - Clear 1 (87-91)04.Audi 90 Side Repearter Pair - Red (87-91)05.Audi 90 Side Repearter Pair - Smoked (87-91)06.Audi 90 Side Repearter Pair - Smoked 1 (87-91)07.Audi 90 Side Repearter Pair - Yellow (87-91) Sunday 12 December, 2010 Currently 391 Customers Are Online 85140778 requests since Tuesday 07 September, 2004 Main Page | Body Panels | Body Kits | Rear Spoilers | Styling Lights | Sports Exhausts | Dump Valves | Cooling | In Car Entertainment Autosalvage | Car Sales | Contract Hire | Articles | Road Tax Prices | Contact Us || You are here: Used Car Expert > Audi > Audi 90 You are not logged in. Log-In Used Audi 90 Used Audi 90 Fault GuideUsed Audi 90 Price GuideAudi 90 Running CostsAudi 90 Car ReviewsAudi 90 AdviceAudi 90 Facts & StatsAudi 90 Cars for Sale Audi 90 Car LoansAudi 90 Car Insurance Services Data checks Used car warranty Car tyre deals Cheap car insurance Car loans Free Advice Insurance savings Reviews & advice Video reviews Used approved Columnists M.O.T. checklist What oil? Depreciation Running costs When & where to buy What to buy How to haggle & win Scandal: cut & shut Scandal: clocking Car repair disputes Buy & sell disputes Car insurance valuation disputes Other Experts Used Van Expert Car Warranty Comparison - Warranty Expert Useful sites Free content on your site Used Audi 90 Looking to buy a used Audi 90? Used Car Expert will help you make the right decision as to whether or not the Audi 90 is the right car for you and your budget. You can now find used Audi 90 cars for sale on Used Car Expert, from the most competitive Audi dealers across the UK. Scroll down to find links to: Reviews of the Audi 90 (and other related cars) Questions about the Audi 90 Audi 90 prices All the Audi 90 performance and specification information Audi 90 running costs calculator Audi 90 Car Reviews Read reviews of the Audi 90 to find out more about the car before you buy it! Alternatives to the Audi 90 are highlighted and you are able to make an informed decision about buying a used Audi 90. Land Rover Defender 90 County Station Wagon TD5 - Car Review (2003 Feb) Review Land Rover Defender 90 County Station Wagon Td5 - Car Review (2004 Mar) Review Land Rover Defender 90 Td5 Station Wagon - Car Review (2005 Jun) Review Land Rover Defender 90 XS - Car Review (2004 Feb) Review A beautiful noise - Audi's new RS5 - Car Review (2010 Oct) Review 12345...Last » Audi 90 Review - view all Audi 90 Articles We have an archive of news and Q&A articles from our buyer's forum. Search for an article that will help guide you in the purchase of your used Audi 90. Land Rover Defender 90 County Station Wagon TD5 - Car Review (2003 Feb) Review Land Rover Defender 90 County Station Wagon Td5 - Car Review (2004 Mar) Review Land Rover Defender 90 Td5 Station Wagon - Car Review (2005 Jun) Review Land Rover Defender 90 XS - Car Review (2004 Feb) Review A beautiful noise - Audi's new RS5 - Car Review (2010 Oct) Review Audi coupe to rattle competitors - Car Review (2007 Jul) Review Audi extends Spyder's web (2010 Sep) News Audi A6 3.2 FSI quattro SE Avant - Car Review (2005 Aug) Review Peugeot 308 S HDI 90 - Car Review (2008 Jul) Review Audi A3: Almost Unnoticed - Car Review (2008 Jun) Review 12345678910...Last » Audi 90 Articles - view all Used Audi 90 Prices Used Car Expert enables you to check mileages and prices of used Audi 90s based on REAL data (cars that have actually been sold in the UK over the past 3 months). You can see how much you should be expecting to pay for a car that matches the age and mileage of the Audi 90s you're considering buying. Check Used Audi 90 Prices Used Audi 90 Fault Guide Before you buy a used Audi 90 you should be aware of the common faults or wear items specific to the Audi 90 that you should check for. Our research amongst the experts that work on the Audi 90 everyday has identified the essential engine checks, interior items that you need to ensure work, wear items to spot on the Audi 90 suspension, areas on the bodywork to inspect, and information about official recalls of the Audi 90. Fault Guide for Audi 90 Faults and Checks Select your Audi 90 fault guide: Used Audi 90 Running Costs Want to know how much it costs to run the Audi 90? You can access the following: MPG of the Audi 90 you want to buy A calculator to work out how much you'll spend over a year on fuel with the Audi 90 based on your use of the car Insurance Group figures and advice about how to get the best insurance deals for the Audi 90 Accurate Audi 90 depreciation costs - you won't find these anywhere else and could give you the biggest saving and help you avoid buying a car just before its value plummets (or we can help you find a bargain price for a used Audi 90 safe in the knowledge that it will hold its value well after you've bought it) Audi 90 Running Costs Calculator Audi 90 Specs & Stats Facts and features about the Audi 90, including MPG, 0-60 figures, safety and environmental figures (including CO2 emissions) and standard equipment lists Audi 90 Stats & Specs Audi 90 mpg Audi 90 0-60 times Audi 90 Insurance Group Audi 90 CO2 Emissions Audi 90 road tax Audi 90 depreciation Search by Type of Car: City Cars Small Cars Small Family Cars Large Family Cars Luxury Cars 4x4s Small MPVs Large MPVs Sports & GTs Vans Also of interest...? 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